By every measure — including life expectancy, infant mortality, and rates of heart disease and cancer — people of color fare worse than white people, even after controlling for education and income. Social policies that foster segregation, discriminatory employment and housing practices, and inequities in the criminal justice system can all have dire health consequences. Equally powerful is the role of unconscious bias — for example, the one that makes people of color who come to an emergency room with a broken bone less likely to receive pain medicine than white patients. How do we recognize and dismantle health-damaging racism in its many forms?